Technical Principles Of Connectors

A connector is a detachable component (other than an adapter) that is usually mounted on a cable or device for electrical connection of a transmission line system.

Generally refers to mil spec electrical connectors. That is, a device that connects two active devices and transmits current or signals. A connector is a motor system that provides a separable interface to connect two secondary electronic systems and does not have an unacceptable effect on the operation of the system.

The keywords in the above definitions are "motor system", "separable" and "unacceptable effect".

A connector is a motor system because it is an electrical connection created mechanically.

The reason why military power connectors are used in the first place is that the mating interface is separable. There are many reasons for the need for separability. It makes it possible to manufacture parts or subsystems independently and final assembly can be carried out in one main place. Separability also makes it possible to maintain or upgrade parts or subsystems without having to modify the entire system. Another reason separability is applied is portability and support for expansion of peripherals.

On the other hand, the separability in the definition introduces an additional interface between subsystems. This interface cannot introduce any "unacceptable effects", especially the characteristics of the system cannot be affected by telecommunications. Unacceptable distortion and signal degradation between systems, or power loss through connectors, power loss calculated in millivolt losses, will become the primary design criteria for functionality, so the power requirements of the motherboard will also increase.

The need for separability and the limits of "unacceptability" depend on the application of the connector. Separability includes the number of mating cycles. The mating cycle refers to the force that a connector must provide without affecting its performance and the force necessary to cooperate with another connector.

Typical mating cycle requirements range from tens of cycles for internal connectors to thousands of cycles for peripherals, such as PCMCIA type connectors. Due to the increase in the number of circuits or functions and the interconnection of connectors, the need for cooperating power becomes more important. In order to provide more functionality, the position of the terminals on the connector must also be increased, which results in a higher connector mating force. Depending on the use and function of the connector, the number of terminals varies from tens to thousands.

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